RAV12N3, Message from the Editor in Chief
JOURNAL OF THE LATIN-AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION OF QUALITY CONTROL,
PATHOLOGY AND RECOVERY OF
CONSTRUCTION
http://www.revistaalconpat.org
With great satisfaction, we present the
third issue of the twelfth year of the
ALCONPAT Journal.
The objective of Revista ALCONPAT (RA)
is the publication of citable production
(basic or applied research, and
reviews), documentary research and case
studies, related to the topics of our
association, that is, quality control,
pathology, and recovery of the
constructions.
This V12 N3 edition begins with a work
from Brazil, where Joaquín
Humberto Aquino Rocha and colleagues
carry out a systematic review of the
literature of the last five years on the
use of cellulose nanofibers (NFC) in
cement-based compounds. The main forms
of production and dispersion are
presented, with emphasis on the effect
on the behavior of cement-based
materials. The study considered the
influence of NFC on properties in the
fresh and hardened state: rheology,
hydration, compressive strength,
flexural strength, fracture energy,
among others. NFCs have beneficial
effects on mechanical properties;
however, more research is still needed
to optimize NFC production and
pretreatment processes, establish
relationships on the durability of
compounds with NFC, and identify the
possible environmental impacts of their
use.
In the second paper, from
Brazil, Marcus Luiz Alves dos
Santos Costa and colleagues present and
discuss the use of industrial solid
waste in terms of how to improve the
mechanical properties of cement
composites. For this, the incorporation
of "crushed" granite powder and
marble powder in the manufacture of
cement-based composites was evaluated,
partially replacing the natural fine
aggregate at levels of 50% and 100%. To
achieve this, characterization tests of
the aggregates were carried out, in
addition to the evaluation of the axial
compression resistance of the specimens.
The results showed that the mixtures
containing 50% recycled aggregate give
the material a compressive strength of
29.09 MPa, that is, 4% higher than the
reference mixtures, the results being
satisfactory, demonstrating the
viability of recycled aggregates on
concrete pieces.
The third paper in this issue is from
Mexico, where Josefa de los
Angeles Paat Estrella and colleagues
evaluate electrochemical realkalization
at different times and current
intensities in accordance with the
provisions of the UNE-EN-1504,
NACE-SP0107 and NMX- C-553-ONNCCE in
previously carbonated reinforced
concrete structures, determining the
degree of realkalization, pH and
half-cell potential every 7 days for 28
days. A pH recovery was achieved with
respect to time and current intensity,
obtaining Ecorr values lower than -350
mV, which according to the ASTM C876-15
standard, correspond to a 90%
probability of corrosion. However, it
was the NMX-C-553-ONNCCE-2018 that
presented potential without reaching the
region of overprotection, without the
risk of producing hydrogen and
brittleness in the steel.
In the fourth article from
Brazil, Camila G. Luz Nunes and
colleagues aimed to optimize the
production of hot mix asphalt using
asphalt rubber. For this, the mechanical
performance of asphalt mixtures produced
with different binders was evaluated:
commercial rubber asphalt (AC08), rubber
asphalt 10% (AC10) and 15% (AC15) of
rubber residues and conventional asphalt
(PEN 50-70). For the composition of
these mixtures, the optimum asphalt
content was defined by the Marshall
method. To carry out the mechanical
tests, specimens molded with Marshall
and Superpave compactors were tested.
From the results obtained, it was found
that the mixtures with AR08 and AR10,
compacted with Superpave, presented the
best mechanical performance. However,
the AR08 binder is already available on
the market, which facilitates its use in
paving works.
The fifth article, by José Luis
Pérez-Díaz and colleagues, comes from
Mexico
and evaluated the corrosion risk of
steel by using carbon steel/stainless
steel internal galvanic sensors with an
external Cu/CuSO4 electrode. The sensors
were used to monitor the macrocell
potentials and currents of prismatic
reinforced concrete specimens, with
water-cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.6,
immersed in a 5% NaCl solution for 18
months. The results of the potentials
showed a good correlation between the
two reference electrodes, being able to
evaluate the corrosion of the system.
Furthermore, the electrochemical noise
technique supports the effect by
chloride ions. Therefore, galvanic
sensors can be considered for
implementation in the monitoring and
evaluation of the state of corrosion
risk in reinforced concrete
structures.
The sixth work in this issue is written
by Danilo Pereira dos Santos and Maiara
Feliciano dos Santos from Brazil.
This work analyzes the impact of
corrosion on the global stability of
reinforced concrete columns, evaluating
the effectiveness of the stiffness
reduction criteria proposed by ABNT NBR
6118: 2014. With the analyses, using
finite element models that reproduced
the behavior of the materials, it was
defined that corrosion causes the
intensification of the second-order
global stresses in the structure.
However, in critical situations, loss of
balance in the cross section resulted in
structural failure even before loss of
stability. The study was carried out
both through a nonlinear geometric
analysis and through the application of
the γz coefficient, where it was
concluded that the subsequent addition
of rheological effects can lead to a
configuration that goes beyond the
limits proposed by the Brazilian
standard.
In the seventh paper, from
Mexico, Joel A. Moreno Herrera
and colleagues evaluated the change in
the flexural behavior of reinforced
concrete beams. Beams without corrosion
and beams with electrochemical
parameters associated with a high level
of corrosion were considered. The
electrochemical parameters considered
were corrosion rate, electrical
resistivity and chloride concentration.
The beams were tested under incremental
vertical loads until failure. Cracking
patterns, yield and maximum loads, yield
stiffness and displacement ductility of
the beams are presented. Based on the
analysis of these structural parameters,
it is concluded that the bending
behavior of the beams with and without
corrosion was similar.
The article that closes the edition is
by G. H. Teixeira from Brazil and
colleagues, who show the application of
the GDE (Degree of Deterioration of the
Structure) and GUT (Gravity, Urgency and
Trend) methodologies, quantifying the
pathological manifestations and
determining the points of greatest
maintenance need. Thus, a quantitative
perspective was applied with the
application of the aforementioned
methodologies and after the inspections
of the building and a visual analysis
with photographic records, annotations
and mappings, the methodologies were
applied and it was obtained that the
majority of the pathological
manifestations that occur in the the
structure of the building is caused by
humidity, giving rise to efflorescence,
stains or infiltrations. In this way,
this work defined the points that need
priority, guiding the measures that can
be taken later. The methodologies proved
to be effective and important for
decision making.
It is important to mention that the
ONCyTS of Brazil and Mexico have kept
Revista Alconpat in their indexes of
Quality Scientific Journals. In
particular, in Mexico, the Alconpat
Journal has been consolidated at an
international level and the National
System of Researchers (SNI) already
considers it as a valid product for the
promotion and permanence of its members.
This has been a great achievement, the
product of everyone's efforts,
authors, reviewers and editorial
committee. Similarly, it is important to
mention that Revista Alconpat already
belongs to the Directory of Open Access
Journals (DOAJ), which is a definitive
step to apply to new indexes. Alconpat
is also making a significant financial
investment so that all its issues are
being marked in XML-Jats so that it can
be evaluated in more prestigious
indexes. Congratulations and our thanks
to all.
We are sure that the articles in this
issue will constitute an important
reference for those readers involved
with questions of evaluation and
characterization of materials, elements
and structures. We thank the authors
participating in this issue for their
willingness and effort to present
quality articles and meet the
established deadlines.
On behalf of the Editorial Board
Pedro Castro Borges
Editor in Chief
Revista ALCONPAT
eISSN 2007-6835
Web: www.revistaalconpat.org
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